Urban Planning and Water-related Disaster Management by Guangwei Huang & Zhenjiang Shen

Author:Guangwei Huang & Zhenjiang Shen
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

6.2 Study Area and Data Collection

6.2.1 Study Area

The study area is capital city Hanoi, Vietnam, which is also a political and economic center of the country. Hanoi is located at 21°01′N and 105°51′E. The topography of Hanoi is very diverse with three main terrain zones, including the delta, hills and mountains; the delta accounts for over 80% area of the city. The river system in and around Hanoi city consists of many tributary rivers of the Red River and the Thai Binh River basin system. The river system is mainly characterized as sloping with narrow riverbeds and complicated meanders. Therefore, the capacity to drain water away is quite low. Specifically, when heavy rainfall occurs, it can cause a significant rise in the river level. The annual mean temperature in the central delta of Hanoi is approximately 23–24 °C and in the mountain zones it is slightly lower. The temperature difference between the hottest and coldest months is relatively large; the highest temperature is greater than 28 °C in the summer and the lowest temperature is less than 18 °C in the winter. The amount of annual rainfall in this area ranges from 1400 mm to 2000 mm. The rainy season in the city extends from the middle of April to the end of October. The total rainfall during the rainy season accounts for more than 80% of the annual rainfall. The average annual number of rainy days is approximately 150, of which there are 7 to 8 days when daily rainfall is over 50 mm and 1–2 days when daily rainfall is over 100 mm per day. Extremely heavy rainfall sometimes occurs in the first 2 months of the winter. Heavy rainfall events in 1984, 1996 and 2008, caused serious inundation in the study area.

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